PHP users must know about dealing with errors so it is necessary to know about error reporting and debugging in PHP. They break down the causes of error and how to work towards improving the quality of the applications from the users’ perspective. Here are some key techniques to master:
1. Error Reporting
Enabling Error Reporting: To turn the level of error reporting on and off, employ the error_reporting() function.
Displaying Errors: Make php.ini file directory set to On for the directive display_errors to help dump errors on the screen.
Logging Errors: It is now possible to use the error_log() function to write the messages to a file or to send it through email.
2. Try-Digging with catch blocks
Catching Exceptions: Surround code which can potentially be wrong with a try block.
Handling Exceptions: It is important to use a catch block in order to defuse the exception and return to the user a more informative message.
Throwing Exceptions: Throw is used to create your own exceptions and transfer them to a catch block of your choice.
3. Debugging Techniques
Print Statements: You should use echo or print_r for refreshing the page and for debugging.
Var Dump: This is a specific function that is used to print out information relating to the particular variables.
Xdebug: A PHP debugger extension that focuses on the execution of PHP scripts and offers clients such as walk through, breakpoints and inspections of variables.
PHP's Built-in Web Server: To run your PHP scripts, you can use the internal web server to fast and easily diagnose errors.
4. Best Practices
Clear and Concise Error Messages: Give clear and understandable error messages that will educate the user of the problem.
Robust Error Handling: Use big error checking to ensure you don’t encounter any failure that may cause your application to stop working perfectly.
Thorough Testing: Perform your code test effectively to ensure that you are distinguishing and stopping programming mistakes at the early stage of development.
Regular Code Reviews: Ask others also to look at your code, perhaps you overlooked some minute errors on the code.
Using these techniques and tips, one is able to efficiently work through mistakes and bring PHP applications to stable and friendly software products.
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